Count duplicated messages for mailbox:
doveadm -f table fetch -u user@mailbox.org \ hdr.message-id mailbox INBOX | sort |uniq -c | sort -k2nr | \ awk '{printf("%s\t%s\n",$2,$1)}END{print}'
De-duplicate based on the message-id (arg -m):
doveadm deduplicate -u user@mailbox.org -m mailbox INBOX
Docs: